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短文改错专项训练
----名、冠、成语、关联词相关错误
一：英语中名词有数的概念，汉语没有，这就是它经常被考的原因；汉语没有冠词，它与可数名词紧密相关。
应对口诀：
可数名词不许光秃秃，不用冠词用复数。可数单数辅音a，元音an，特指the，序数最高same前。
1.分清一个与这个或者那个，牢记习惯搭配
例1：
So when I have the problem, I will turn to her for help.
例2
To deal with a problem, I think, we should first go all out to plant trees.
例3
It is such great hotel that I would recommend it to any friend of mine who is going to Beijing.
例4
There was a sudden pull at the pole and fish was caught, within the next few minutes.
例5
Tomorrow is first day of school.
例6
But after the test, all of us were called to the teacher’s office, The teacher was angry because we had same answers in the tests.
2.时刻牢记可数名词的数，以及特殊现象
Glass/glasses trousers scissors time/times experience/experiences
He was tall, with broad shoulder and a beard.
When tea got popular in Britain, there was a crying need for good cup with handles to suit British habits.
His new job meant I had to say goodbye to my classmate.
Looking at some of the picture we had taken together.
I destroyed each of my toy.
例7
We enjoyed several local dish.
例8
We ,as well as animal, can not live without water.
3.名词与冠词的常见错误
名词
常见错误主要是单复数以及所有格的错用。
解题方法：1、区别名词的可数与不可数
2、根据名词前面的修饰语或谓语动词的单复数判断用单数还是复数？
记住一些常考的不可数名词：advice fun progress information furniture equipment
例1:we have called several time about cleo’s early morning barking.
例2:since then ------for all these year-------we had been allowing tomatoes
冠词
1. 误用a和an：根据单词的第一个音素来判定。
2. 误用a和the（不定冠词表泛指，定冠词表特指）
（固定搭配）
3. 多冠词或缺冠词
l As result, the plants are growing.
l That day I did not learn much about animals insects or trees,but I learnt a impressive lesson about gravity.
二：成语、固定搭配多多记，恢复原样是必须。
Be worth doing, what about doing, insist on doing,would rather do, what is worse
In particular
例1
When things did wrong, I got angry.
Everyone of us can make a great efforts to cut off the use of energy in our country.
Neither agriculture or industry can go without it.
We finally dropped Gina off at her parents’ and made our own way to home .
On one year the average child will see 25.000 television commercials ,all planned and written by grownups to make children to want things that they do not really need.
I have neither brothers nor sisters ------in any other words, I am an only child.
Suddenly ,I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd.
We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ourselves.
三：关联词语义法逻，并列连词but,so,and依照行文逻辑含义进行相互转换；and /or相互转换；可以兼主从句成分的连接词，考what.whatever.whoever;其他只做从句成分，要区分同一词在不同从句中的含义和语法功能。
口诀：
逗号不许连接两个简单句；逗号后面不that，介词不引导从句。
例1：had a deep voice ,which set him apart from others in our small town, he was strong and powerful.
例2：fact ,he even scared my classmates away during they came over to play or do homework with me .
例3：ing tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, that might not be served until 8o’clock.
例4：father is hardworking but goes to work in the field very day .
例5：That is which other teachers say.
连词
为使文章结构谨慎，再行文中要用到各种连词。在并列句中，我们要从上下文来判断句与句之间的关系是并列、转折、选择、递进还是其他关系。在复合句中，应根据主从句关系来判断连词的使用是否正确？
l 并列连词的使用
主要涉及and、but、so、or等几个表示并列、转折、选择、因果等关系的词语。严格来说这类错误是行文逻辑的错误。
例1：
We ran to escape but fortunately no one was injured.
例2：
With little sleep and hardly any break ,so he works from morning till night.
l 从句引导词的错误
主要涉及引导词的错用、误加与漏用，有时候将不是从句的成分误认为是从句而误加引导词。这就需要考生弄清词性以及句子之间的关系。
Since for连词 during 介词 yet 是副词和连词
四：形容词副词颠倒设错，少数情况考“级”的概念。
Go wrong /wrongly go well/good work hard /hardly sit straight / straightly
What’s more/much what’s worse/bad
例1:I felt sadly
例2:So I grateful accepted the offer, thanked him and watched the truck. disappear down the road.
例3:The food in one area can be easy told from that in another.
例4:I was in greatly pain at that moment.
例5:I do not want to be a normally person.
例6:The doctor says he is recovering fast than expected.
例7:I have already studied English for 8 years, but I can not use it very good.
例8:I was so encouraged that I ran faster and fast till I caught up with all the other runners.
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